Elk population dynamics in areas with and without predation by recoionizing woives in Banff Nationai Park, Aiberta
نویسندگان
چکیده
Gray wolves {Canis lupus) recolonized the Bow Valley of Banff National Park in the mid-1980s after a 30-year absence. Wolves recolonized one zone of the Bow Valley in 1985 and another in 1991, but human activity ex cluded wolves from a third zone throughout the study. Elk (Cervus elaphus) are the primary prey of wolves in Banff National Park. We studied the effects of wolf predation, snow depth, elk density, and human-caused mortality on the elk population growth rate in the three different wolf recolonization treatments from 1985 to 2000. We constructed a set of generalized linear models of factors affecting population growth, and used Akaike Information Criteria to guide model selection and inference. In the low wolf predation zone, elk population growth was density-dependent and lim ited by human-caused mortality. In the zone that wolves recolonized in 1991, elk population growth was limited by the combined effects of snow depth and wolf predation after wolf recolonization, in addition to preexisting mortality caused by humans and other predators. Our correlative approach failed to yield insights into population dynamics in the zone where wolves were present throughout the study. Elowever, by comparing zones we demonstrate important differences in ungulate population dynamics in the presence and absence of wolf predation. Resume : Apres 30 ans d’absence, le loup gris {Canis lupus) a effectue un retour dans la vallee de la riviere Bow, dans le Parc national de Banff, an milieu des annees 1980. Les loups out d’abord colonise une zone de la vallee en 1985, puis une autre en 1991 et I’activite humaine les a exclus d’une troisieme zone pour toute la duree de I’etude. Le wapiti {Cervus elaphus) est la principale prole des loups dans le pare. Nous avons etudie les effets de la predation par les loups, de la profondeur de la neige, de la densite des wapitis et de la mortalite due a I’activite humaine sur les taux de croissance des populations de wapitis des trois zones experimentales de 1985 a 2000. Nous avons construit une serie de modeles lineaires generalises des facteurs qui affectent la croissance des populations, puis nous avons utilise le critere d’information d’Akaike pour choisir des modeles et guider nos deductions. Dans la zone de faible predation, la population de wapitis depend de la densite et est limitee par la mortalite attribuable a I’activite humaine. Dans la zone recolonisee en 1991, les effets combines de la profondeur de la neige et de la predation par les loups out limite la croissance de la population apres la recolonisation; ces facteurs se sont ajoutes a la mortalite due a I’activite humaine on celle d’autres predateurs qui existait avant le retour des loups. Notre approche correlative n ’a pas reussi a jeter de lumiere sur la dynamique des populations dans la zone frequentee par les loups pendant toute la duree de I’etude. Cependant, la comparaison des zones indique des differences importantes dans la dynamique des populations d’ongules selon que les loups sont presents on absents. [Traduit par la Redaction]
منابع مشابه
Consequences of a refuge for the predator - prey 1 dynamics of a wolf - elk system in Banff National 2 Park , Alberta , Canada
15 Refugia can affect predator-prey dynamics via movements between refuge and non-refuge areas. We examine 16 the influence of a refuge on population dynamics in a large mammal predator-prey system. Wolves (Canis 17 lupus) have recolonized much of their former range in North America, and as a result, ungulate prey have 18 exploited refugia to reduce predation risk with unknown impacts on wolf-p...
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تاریخ انتشار 2002